What is “pyramiding”? This is probably the most frequently asked question received by those that are “knowledgeable” on tortoise care. So, let’s try to clear this up by giving you a somewhat simplified answer based on the research I’ve been able to collect.
Pyramiding is the excessive upward growth of the scutes (the individual segments that make up the tortoise's carapace or shell) that results in each segment taking on a pyramid-like shape. This malady is a form of metabolic bone disease. Less severe cases usually aren’t a problem unless dietary deficiencies are also a factor. However, severe cases inhibit lung function causing weakness or paralysis of their limbs, arthritis, nail problems, shell deformity, and in some unfortunate cases, a slow death. The condition usually occurs in the first 2-4 years of life. If the tortoise’s basic needs are not being met then the scutes begin growing vertically instead of horizontally resulting in the “pyramids”. This condition is rarely, if ever, found in the wild and is not treatable or reversible. Optimal shell growth should be smooth and domed.
Pyramiding is caused by any, or all, of the following conditions:
*Low humidity in the first years of life.
*Lack of, or insufficient sun/UV ray exposure: Glass blocks the critically needed UVB rays.
*Sedentary life: Not enough exercise, too small of an enclosure.
*Inadequate diet: Overfeeding, lack of fiber, grain-based diet, too much protein, low calcium/Vitamin D, inadequate ratio of calcium to phosphorus.
*Disease of the thyroid or parathyroid glands.
Now the good news…Pyramiding is preventable! Just follow these easy guidelines:
Now that the information is out there, please take a minute to assess how to create a healthier environment for these wonderful creatures that will be with us for many years to come.
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